Serveur d'exploration sur Pittsburgh

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

$XMM-Newton$ $\Omega$ project: III. Gas mass fraction shape in high redshift clusters

Identifieur interne : 000789 ( France/Analysis ); précédent : 000788; suivant : 000790

$XMM-Newton$ $\Omega$ project: III. Gas mass fraction shape in high redshift clusters

Auteurs : Rachida Sadat [France] ; Alain Blanchard [France] ; Sebastien Vauclair [France] ; David Lumb [Pays-Bas] ; James Bartlett [France] ; A. K. Romer [Royaume-Uni] ; Jean-Philippe Bernard [France] ; Michel Boer [France] ; Philippe Marty [France] ; Jukka Nevalainen [États-Unis] ; Douglas Burke [États-Unis] ; C. A. Collins [Royaume-Uni] ; Robert Nichol [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : Hal:hal-00004520

English descriptors

Abstract

We study the gas mass fraction, $f_{\rm gas},$ behavior in $XMM-Newton$ $\Omega$ project. The typical $f_{\rm gas}$ shape of high redshift galaxy clusters follows the global shape inferred at low redshift quite well. This result is consistent with the gravitational instability picture leading to self similar structures for both the dark and baryonic matter. However, the mean $f_{\rm gas} in distant clusters shows some differences to local ones, indicating a departure from strict scaling. This result is consistent with the observed evolution in the luminosity-temperature relation. We quantitatively investigate this departure from scaling laws. Within the local sample we used, a moderate but clear variation of the amplitude of the gas mass fraction with temperature is found, a trend that weakens in the outer regions. These variations do not explain departure from scaling laws of our distant clusters. An important implication of our results is that the gas fraction evolution, a test of the cosmological parameters, can lead to biased values when applied at radii smaller than the virial radius. From our $XMM$ clusters, the apparent gas fraction at the virial radius is consistent with a non-evolving universal value in a high matter density model and not with a concordance.

Url:
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20041192


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

Hal:hal-00004520

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">$XMM-Newton$ $\Omega$ project: III. Gas mass fraction shape in high redshift clusters</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sadat, Rachida" sort="Sadat, Rachida" uniqKey="Sadat R" first="Rachida" last="Sadat">Rachida Sadat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-137" status="OLD">
<orgName>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LATT</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14, avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-302940" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-217752" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UPS</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300045" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers </orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-302940" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302940" status="VALID">
<orgName>Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OMP</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 TOULOUSE</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.obs-mip.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Blanchard, Alain" sort="Blanchard, Alain" uniqKey="Blanchard A" first="Alain" last="Blanchard">Alain Blanchard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-137" status="OLD">
<orgName>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LATT</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14, avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-302940" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-217752" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UPS</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300045" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers </orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-302940" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302940" status="VALID">
<orgName>Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OMP</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 TOULOUSE</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.obs-mip.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vauclair, Sebastien" sort="Vauclair, Sebastien" uniqKey="Vauclair S" first="Sebastien" last="Vauclair">Sebastien Vauclair</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-137" status="OLD">
<orgName>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LATT</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14, avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-302940" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-217752" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UPS</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300045" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers </orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-302940" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302940" status="VALID">
<orgName>Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OMP</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 TOULOUSE</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.obs-mip.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lumb, David" sort="Lumb, David" uniqKey="Lumb D" first="David" last="Lumb">David Lumb</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-6050" status="INCOMING">
<orgName>European Space Agency Advanced Concepts and Science Payloads Office</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">ESA ESTEC</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="NL"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-367261" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-367261" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-367261" status="VALID">
<orgName>European Space Agency</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">ESA</orgName>
<desc>
<ref type="url">http://www.esa.int/ESA</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>Pays-Bas</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bartlett, James" sort="Bartlett, James" uniqKey="Bartlett J" first="James" last="Bartlett">James Bartlett</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-133" status="VALID">
<orgName>Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">PCC</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>11, place Marcelin Berthelot - 75231 Paris Cedex 05</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-300026" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300046" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300301" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR7553" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-300026" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300026" status="VALID">
<orgName>Collège de France</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CdF</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300046" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300046" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">IN2P3</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300301" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300301" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UPD7</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>5 rue Thomas-Mann - 75205 Paris cedex 13</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-paris-diderot.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR7553" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Romer, A K" sort="Romer, A K" uniqKey="Romer A" first="A. K." last="Romer">A. K. Romer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-6049" status="INCOMING">
<orgName>Astronomy Center</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="GB"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-364331" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-364331" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-364331" status="VALID">
<orgName>University of Sussex</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Brighton BN1 9RH</addrLine>
<country key="GB"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.sussex.ac.uk/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Brighton</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Falmer</settlement>
<region type="nation">Angleterre</region>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Sussex de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Sussex</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bernard, Jean Philippe" sort="Bernard, Jean Philippe" uniqKey="Bernard J" first="Jean-Philippe" last="Bernard">Jean-Philippe Bernard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-668" status="OLD">
<orgName>Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CESR</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>9 Av du colonel Roche - BP 4346 31028 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cesr.fr</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-302940" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR5187" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-217752" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UPS</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300045" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers </orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-302940" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302940" status="VALID">
<orgName>Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OMP</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 TOULOUSE</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.obs-mip.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR5187" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boer, Michel" sort="Boer, Michel" uniqKey="Boer M" first="Michel" last="Boer">Michel Boer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="department" xml:id="struct-494" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">028228170</idno>
<orgName>Observatoire de Haute-Provence</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OHP</orgName>
<date type="start">1937</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>04870 ST MICHEL L OBSERVATOIRE</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.obs-hp.fr</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-351757" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-198056" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-67872" type="indirect"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-351757" type="direct">
<org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-351757" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">18812070X</idno>
<idno type="RNSR">201220900V</idno>
<orgName>Institut Pythéas</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OSU PYTHEAS</orgName>
<date type="start">2012</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Technopôle de Château-Gombert38, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie13388 MARSEILLE cedex 13 </addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.pytheas.univ-amu.fr/</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-198056" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-67872" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMS3470" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMS3470" active="#struct-198056" type="indirect">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-198056" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">15863621X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2176 4817</idno>
<orgName>Aix Marseille Université</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">AMU</orgName>
<date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Aix-Marseille UniversitéJardins du Pharo58 Boulevard Charles Livon13284 Marseille cedex 7</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-amu.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMS3470" active="#struct-67872" type="indirect">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-67872" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">IRD</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>SiègeLe Sextant 44, bd de DunkerqueCS 9000913572 Marseille cedex 02</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.ird.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marty, Philippe" sort="Marty, Philippe" uniqKey="Marty P" first="Philippe" last="Marty">Philippe Marty</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1357" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut d'astrophysique spatiale</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">IAS</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>bat. 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.ias.u-psud.fr</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-92966" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR8617" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-92966" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-92966" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UP11</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Bâtiment 300 - 91405 Orsay cedex</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.u-psud.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300045" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers </orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR8617" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nevalainen, Jukka" sort="Nevalainen, Jukka" uniqKey="Nevalainen J" first="Jukka" last="Nevalainen">Jukka Nevalainen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-88749" status="VALID">
<orgName>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CfA</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Cambridge, MA 02138</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-38302" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-48255" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-38302" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-38302" status="VALID">
<orgName>Harvard University [Cambridge]</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.harvard.edu/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-48255" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-48255" status="VALID">
<orgName>Smithsonian Institution</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>600 Maryland Ave SW, Washington, DC 20002, États-Unis</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.si.edu/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>États-Unis</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Burke, Douglas" sort="Burke, Douglas" uniqKey="Burke D" first="Douglas" last="Burke">Douglas Burke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-88749" status="VALID">
<orgName>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CfA</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Cambridge, MA 02138</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-38302" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-48255" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-38302" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-38302" status="VALID">
<orgName>Harvard University [Cambridge]</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.harvard.edu/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-48255" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-48255" status="VALID">
<orgName>Smithsonian Institution</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>600 Maryland Ave SW, Washington, DC 20002, États-Unis</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.si.edu/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>États-Unis</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collins, C A" sort="Collins, C A" uniqKey="Collins C" first="C. A." last="Collins">C. A. Collins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-54323" status="VALID">
<orgName>Astrophysics Research Institute [Liverpool]</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">ARI</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF</addrLine>
<country key="GB"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk/</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-469740" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-469740" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-469740" status="VALID">
<orgName>Liverpool John Moores University</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LJMU</orgName>
<date type="start">2016-10-28</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Liverpool, L3 2AJ</addrLine>
<country key="GB"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nichol, Robert" sort="Nichol, Robert" uniqKey="Nichol R" first="Robert" last="Nichol">Robert Nichol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-6046" status="INCOMING">
<orgName>Physics Department</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Pittsburgh, PA 15213</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-67135" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-67135" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-67135" status="VALID">
<orgName>Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh]</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CMU</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cmu.edu/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>États-Unis</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">HAL</idno>
<idno type="RBID">Hal:hal-00004520</idno>
<idno type="halId">hal-00004520</idno>
<idno type="halUri">https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004520</idno>
<idno type="url">https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004520</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1051/0004-6361:20041192</idno>
<date when="2005">2005</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Hal/Corpus">000005</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Hal/Curation">000005</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Hal/Checkpoint">000656</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Hal" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000656</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0004-6361:2005:Sadat R:xmm:newton:omega</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">00B479</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">00AD25</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">00AD25</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/France/Extraction">000789</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en">$XMM-Newton$ $\Omega$ project: III. Gas mass fraction shape in high redshift clusters</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sadat, Rachida" sort="Sadat, Rachida" uniqKey="Sadat R" first="Rachida" last="Sadat">Rachida Sadat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-137" status="OLD">
<orgName>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LATT</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14, avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-302940" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-217752" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UPS</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300045" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers </orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-302940" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302940" status="VALID">
<orgName>Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OMP</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 TOULOUSE</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.obs-mip.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Blanchard, Alain" sort="Blanchard, Alain" uniqKey="Blanchard A" first="Alain" last="Blanchard">Alain Blanchard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-137" status="OLD">
<orgName>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LATT</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14, avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-302940" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-217752" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UPS</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300045" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers </orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-302940" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302940" status="VALID">
<orgName>Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OMP</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 TOULOUSE</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.obs-mip.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vauclair, Sebastien" sort="Vauclair, Sebastien" uniqKey="Vauclair S" first="Sebastien" last="Vauclair">Sebastien Vauclair</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-137" status="OLD">
<orgName>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LATT</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14, avenue Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-302940" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-217752" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UPS</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300045" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers </orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-302940" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302940" status="VALID">
<orgName>Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OMP</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 TOULOUSE</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.obs-mip.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR5572" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lumb, David" sort="Lumb, David" uniqKey="Lumb D" first="David" last="Lumb">David Lumb</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-6050" status="INCOMING">
<orgName>European Space Agency Advanced Concepts and Science Payloads Office</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">ESA ESTEC</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="NL"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-367261" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-367261" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-367261" status="VALID">
<orgName>European Space Agency</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">ESA</orgName>
<desc>
<ref type="url">http://www.esa.int/ESA</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>Pays-Bas</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bartlett, James" sort="Bartlett, James" uniqKey="Bartlett J" first="James" last="Bartlett">James Bartlett</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-133" status="VALID">
<orgName>Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">PCC</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>11, place Marcelin Berthelot - 75231 Paris Cedex 05</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-300026" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300046" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300301" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR7553" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-300026" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300026" status="VALID">
<orgName>Collège de France</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CdF</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300046" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300046" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">IN2P3</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300301" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300301" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UPD7</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>5 rue Thomas-Mann - 75205 Paris cedex 13</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-paris-diderot.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR7553" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Romer, A K" sort="Romer, A K" uniqKey="Romer A" first="A. K." last="Romer">A. K. Romer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-6049" status="INCOMING">
<orgName>Astronomy Center</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="GB"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-364331" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-364331" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-364331" status="VALID">
<orgName>University of Sussex</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Brighton BN1 9RH</addrLine>
<country key="GB"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.sussex.ac.uk/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Brighton</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Falmer</settlement>
<region type="nation">Angleterre</region>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Sussex de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Sussex</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bernard, Jean Philippe" sort="Bernard, Jean Philippe" uniqKey="Bernard J" first="Jean-Philippe" last="Bernard">Jean-Philippe Bernard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-668" status="OLD">
<orgName>Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CESR</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>9 Av du colonel Roche - BP 4346 31028 TOULOUSE CEDEX 4</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cesr.fr</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-217752" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-302940" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR5187" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-217752" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-217752" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UPS</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>118 route de Narbonne - 31062 Toulouse</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300045" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers </orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-302940" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302940" status="VALID">
<orgName>Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OMP</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 TOULOUSE</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.obs-mip.fr</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR5187" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boer, Michel" sort="Boer, Michel" uniqKey="Boer M" first="Michel" last="Boer">Michel Boer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="department" xml:id="struct-494" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">028228170</idno>
<orgName>Observatoire de Haute-Provence</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OHP</orgName>
<date type="start">1937</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>04870 ST MICHEL L OBSERVATOIRE</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.obs-hp.fr</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-351757" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-198056" type="indirect"></relation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-67872" type="indirect"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-351757" type="direct">
<org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-351757" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">18812070X</idno>
<idno type="RNSR">201220900V</idno>
<orgName>Institut Pythéas</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">OSU PYTHEAS</orgName>
<date type="start">2012</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Technopôle de Château-Gombert38, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie13388 MARSEILLE cedex 13 </addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.pytheas.univ-amu.fr/</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-198056" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMS3470" active="#struct-67872" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMS3470" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMS3470" active="#struct-198056" type="indirect">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-198056" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">15863621X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2176 4817</idno>
<orgName>Aix Marseille Université</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">AMU</orgName>
<date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Aix-Marseille UniversitéJardins du Pharo58 Boulevard Charles Livon13284 Marseille cedex 7</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.univ-amu.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMS3470" active="#struct-67872" type="indirect">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-67872" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">IRD</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>SiègeLe Sextant 44, bd de DunkerqueCS 9000913572 Marseille cedex 02</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.ird.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marty, Philippe" sort="Marty, Philippe" uniqKey="Marty P" first="Philippe" last="Marty">Philippe Marty</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1357" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut d'astrophysique spatiale</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">IAS</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>bat. 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.ias.u-psud.fr</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-92966" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"></relation>
<relation name="UMR8617" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-92966" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-92966" status="VALID">
<orgName>Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">UP11</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Bâtiment 300 - 91405 Orsay cedex</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.u-psud.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-300045" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
<orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers </orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.insu.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle name="UMR8617" active="#struct-441569" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
<idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
<idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
<orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
<date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
<desc>
<address>
<country key="FR"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nevalainen, Jukka" sort="Nevalainen, Jukka" uniqKey="Nevalainen J" first="Jukka" last="Nevalainen">Jukka Nevalainen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-88749" status="VALID">
<orgName>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CfA</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Cambridge, MA 02138</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-38302" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-48255" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-38302" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-38302" status="VALID">
<orgName>Harvard University [Cambridge]</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.harvard.edu/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-48255" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-48255" status="VALID">
<orgName>Smithsonian Institution</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>600 Maryland Ave SW, Washington, DC 20002, États-Unis</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.si.edu/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>États-Unis</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Burke, Douglas" sort="Burke, Douglas" uniqKey="Burke D" first="Douglas" last="Burke">Douglas Burke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-88749" status="VALID">
<orgName>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CfA</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Cambridge, MA 02138</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-38302" type="direct"></relation>
<relation active="#struct-48255" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-38302" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-38302" status="VALID">
<orgName>Harvard University [Cambridge]</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.harvard.edu/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
<tutelle active="#struct-48255" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-48255" status="VALID">
<orgName>Smithsonian Institution</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>600 Maryland Ave SW, Washington, DC 20002, États-Unis</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.si.edu/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>États-Unis</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collins, C A" sort="Collins, C A" uniqKey="Collins C" first="C. A." last="Collins">C. A. Collins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-54323" status="VALID">
<orgName>Astrophysics Research Institute [Liverpool]</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">ARI</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF</addrLine>
<country key="GB"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk/</ref>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-469740" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-469740" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-469740" status="VALID">
<orgName>Liverpool John Moores University</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">LJMU</orgName>
<date type="start">2016-10-28</date>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Liverpool, L3 2AJ</addrLine>
<country key="GB"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nichol, Robert" sort="Nichol, Robert" uniqKey="Nichol R" first="Robert" last="Nichol">Robert Nichol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-6046" status="INCOMING">
<orgName>Physics Department</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>Pittsburgh, PA 15213</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
</desc>
<listRelation>
<relation active="#struct-67135" type="direct"></relation>
</listRelation>
<tutelles>
<tutelle active="#struct-67135" type="direct">
<org type="institution" xml:id="struct-67135" status="VALID">
<orgName>Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh]</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">CMU</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</addrLine>
<country key="US"></country>
</address>
<ref type="url">http://www.cmu.edu/</ref>
</desc>
</org>
</tutelle>
</tutelles>
</hal:affiliation>
<country>États-Unis</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<idno type="DOI">10.1051/0004-6361:20041192</idno>
<series>
<title level="j">Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0004-6361</idno>
<imprint>
<date type="datePub">2005</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="mix" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cosmology:cosmological parameters</term>
<term>Galaxies: clusters: general-galaxies:intergalactic medium</term>
<term>X-rays: galaxies: clusters</term>
<term>dark matter</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We study the gas mass fraction, $f_{\rm gas},$ behavior in $XMM-Newton$ $\Omega$ project. The typical $f_{\rm gas}$ shape of high redshift galaxy clusters follows the global shape inferred at low redshift quite well. This result is consistent with the gravitational instability picture leading to self similar structures for both the dark and baryonic matter. However, the mean $f_{\rm gas} in distant clusters shows some differences to local ones, indicating a departure from strict scaling. This result is consistent with the observed evolution in the luminosity-temperature relation. We quantitatively investigate this departure from scaling laws. Within the local sample we used, a moderate but clear variation of the amplitude of the gas mass fraction with temperature is found, a trend that weakens in the outer regions. These variations do not explain departure from scaling laws of our distant clusters. An important implication of our results is that the gas fraction evolution, a test of the cosmological parameters, can lead to biased values when applied at radii smaller than the virial radius. From our $XMM$ clusters, the apparent gas fraction at the virial radius is consistent with a non-evolving universal value in a high matter density model and not with a concordance.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>France</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li>
<li>Sussex de l'Est</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Brighton</li>
<li>Falmer</li>
<li>Marseille</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université d'Aix-Marseille</li>
<li>Université du Sussex</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="France">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Sadat, Rachida" sort="Sadat, Rachida" uniqKey="Sadat R" first="Rachida" last="Sadat">Rachida Sadat</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bartlett, James" sort="Bartlett, James" uniqKey="Bartlett J" first="James" last="Bartlett">James Bartlett</name>
<name sortKey="Bernard, Jean Philippe" sort="Bernard, Jean Philippe" uniqKey="Bernard J" first="Jean-Philippe" last="Bernard">Jean-Philippe Bernard</name>
<name sortKey="Blanchard, Alain" sort="Blanchard, Alain" uniqKey="Blanchard A" first="Alain" last="Blanchard">Alain Blanchard</name>
<name sortKey="Boer, Michel" sort="Boer, Michel" uniqKey="Boer M" first="Michel" last="Boer">Michel Boer</name>
<name sortKey="Marty, Philippe" sort="Marty, Philippe" uniqKey="Marty P" first="Philippe" last="Marty">Philippe Marty</name>
<name sortKey="Vauclair, Sebastien" sort="Vauclair, Sebastien" uniqKey="Vauclair S" first="Sebastien" last="Vauclair">Sebastien Vauclair</name>
</country>
<country name="Pays-Bas">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Lumb, David" sort="Lumb, David" uniqKey="Lumb D" first="David" last="Lumb">David Lumb</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni">
<region name="Angleterre">
<name sortKey="Romer, A K" sort="Romer, A K" uniqKey="Romer A" first="A. K." last="Romer">A. K. Romer</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Collins, C A" sort="Collins, C A" uniqKey="Collins C" first="C. A." last="Collins">C. A. Collins</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Nevalainen, Jukka" sort="Nevalainen, Jukka" uniqKey="Nevalainen J" first="Jukka" last="Nevalainen">Jukka Nevalainen</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Burke, Douglas" sort="Burke, Douglas" uniqKey="Burke D" first="Douglas" last="Burke">Douglas Burke</name>
<name sortKey="Nichol, Robert" sort="Nichol, Robert" uniqKey="Nichol R" first="Robert" last="Nichol">Robert Nichol</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Amérique/explor/PittsburghV1/Data/France/Analysis
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000789 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/France/Analysis/biblio.hfd -nk 000789 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Amérique
   |area=    PittsburghV1
   |flux=    France
   |étape=   Analysis
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     Hal:hal-00004520
   |texte=   $XMM-Newton$ $\Omega$ project: III. Gas mass fraction shape in high redshift clusters
}}

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38.
Data generation: Fri Jun 18 17:37:45 2021. Site generation: Fri Jun 18 18:15:47 2021